Non-finite forms
Infinitivo and Gerundio
| Form | Spanish | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Infinitivo | perforar | Dictionary form and base form for many compound structures. |
| Gerundio | perforando | Used with estar for progressive forms, for example estar perforando. |
perforar is a regular Spanish -AR verb meaning pierce / drill / perforate. In the present tense: yo perforo, tú perforas, él/ella perfora, nosotros perforamos, vosotros perforáis, ellos perforan. Full conjugation across 18 tenses below.
Infinitivo and Gerundio
| Form | Spanish | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Infinitivo | perforar | Dictionary form and base form for many compound structures. |
| Gerundio | perforando | Used with estar for progressive forms, for example estar perforando. |
Present
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | perforo | Yo perforo la pared con más cuidado del que parece, porque un agujero mal hecho deja ruido durante años.I drill the wall with more care than it seems, because a badly made hole leaves noise for years. |
| tú | perforas | Tú perforas el metal sin prisa y por eso la herramienta te obedece mejor.You drill the metal without hurry and that is why the tool obeys you better. |
| él | perfora | Ese técnico perfora con precisión casi fría, como si cada centímetro ya estuviera decidido antes.That technician drills with an almost cold precision, as if every centimeter had already been decided beforehand. |
| nosotros | perforamos | Nosotros perforamos la roca poco a poco, porque aquí la paciencia vale más que la fuerza bruta.We drill the rock little by little, because here patience is worth more than brute force. |
| vosotros | perforáis | Vosotros perforáis demasiado deprisa y luego os sorprende que el material responda mal.You all drill too quickly and then are surprised that the material responds badly. |
| ellos | perforan | Los cirujanos perforan con una delicadeza extrema justo donde otros solo verían materia a atravesar.The surgeons pierce with extreme delicacy precisely where others would see only matter to go through. |
Present Perfect
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | he perforado | Hoy he perforado la pared en el punto exacto y por fin el soporte ha quedado firme sin violencia innecesaria.Today I have drilled the wall at the exact point and at last the bracket has remained firm without unnecessary violence. |
| tú | has perforado | has perforado el metal con más paciencia que ayer y el corte ya se ve mucho más limpio.You have drilled the metal with more patience than yesterday and the cut already looks much cleaner. |
| él | ha perforado | Ese técnico ha perforado la pieza sin desviarse ni un milímetro y ahora todo encaja mejor.That technician has perforated the piece without deviating even a millimeter and now everything fits better. |
| nosotros | hemos perforado | hemos perforado la roca durante horas y recién ahora empieza a mostrarse una forma posible de avance.We have drilled the rock for hours and only now is a possible form of progress beginning to show. |
| vosotros | habéis perforado | habéis perforado demasiado fuerte la superficie y por eso el borde ha quedado algo torpe.You all have drilled the surface too forcefully and that is why the edge has remained somewhat clumsy. |
| ellos | han perforado | Los técnicos han perforado la cubierta donde tocaba y el sistema respira ya con otra precisión.The technicians have perforated the casing where needed and the system now breathes with another precision. |
Preterite
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | perforé | Ayer perforé la pared mal y todavía me acompaña la molestia de ese error pequeño y visible.Yesterday I drilled the wall badly and the annoyance of that small and visible error is still with me. |
| tú | perforaste | perforaste el metal justo donde no debías y toda la pieza cambió de destino.You drilled the metal exactly where you should not have and the whole piece changed destiny. |
| él | perforó | El técnico perforó la placa con una calma que volvió simple lo que parecía delicadísimo.The technician perforated the plate with a calm that made simple what seemed extremely delicate. |
| nosotros | perforamos | perforamos la roca toda la mañana y solo al final apareció una grieta útil.We drilled the rock all morning and only at the end did a useful crack appear. |
| vosotros | perforasteis | perforasteis demasiado deprisa y el material os devolvió enseguida su resistencia más torpe.You all drilled too quickly and the material immediately gave you back its most awkward resistance. |
| ellos | perforaron | Los especialistas perforaron la superficie con una precisión que casi parecía silencio.The specialists perforated the surface with a precision that almost seemed like silence. |
Imperfect
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | perforaba | Antes perforaba las paredes con más prisa, como si medir dos veces fuera una pérdida de tiempo.Before, I used to drill walls more hastily, as if measuring twice were a waste of time. |
| tú | perforabas | perforabas el metal con demasiada fuerza y por eso rompías más herramientas de las necesarias.You used to drill the metal with too much force and that is why you broke more tools than necessary. |
| él | perforaba | Ese técnico perforaba las piezas con una paciencia obsesiva que al final casi siempre tenía razón.That technician used to perforate pieces with an obsessive patience that in the end was almost always right. |
| nosotros | perforábamos | perforábamos la roca sin descanso, porque todavía creíamos que avanzar y forzar eran casi lo mismo.We used to drill the rock without rest because we still believed that advancing and forcing were almost the same thing. |
| vosotros | perforabais | perforabais demasiado deprisa cada superficie nueva y luego os tocaba corregir más de la cuenta.You all used to drill every new surface too quickly and then had to correct more than enough. |
| ellos | perforaban | Los cirujanos perforaban con una concentración que volvía irrelevante todo ruido exterior.The surgeons used to perforate with a concentration that made all outside noise irrelevant. |
Past Perfect
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | había perforado | Cuando revisé la pared, ya había perforado demasiado a la izquierda y el error era imposible de esconder.When I checked the wall, I had already drilled too far to the left and the error was impossible to hide. |
| tú | habías perforado | Ya habías perforado el metal antes de ver que una marca pequeña te estaba engañando.You had already drilled the metal before seeing that a small mark was deceiving you. |
| él | había perforado | Ese técnico ya había perforado la pieza cuando por fin apareció la medida que faltaba desde el principio.That technician had already perforated the piece when the measurement that had been missing from the start finally appeared. |
| nosotros | habíamos perforado | Ya habíamos perforado la roca durante horas antes de aceptar que la veta verdadera iba por otro lado.We had already drilled the rock for hours before accepting that the true vein was running elsewhere. |
| vosotros | habíais perforado | Ya habíais perforado demasiado la superficie cuando notasteis que el material pedía otra velocidad.You all had already perforated the surface too much when you noticed that the material was asking for another speed. |
| ellos | habían perforado | Los técnicos ya habían perforado la cubierta cuando el esquema correcto llegó demasiado tarde.The technicians had already perforated the casing when the correct schematic arrived too late. |
Preterite Anterior
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | hube perforado | Apenas hube perforado la pared, vi que la marca anterior había sido la correcta y no la nueva.As soon as I had drilled the wall, I saw that the earlier mark had been the correct one and not the new one. |
| tú | hubiste perforado | Cuando hubiste perforado el metal, supiste por la vibración que algo no estaba entrando del todo limpio.When you had drilled the metal, you knew from the vibration that something was not going in entirely cleanly. |
| él | hubo perforado | Cuando el técnico hubo perforado la pieza, la tensión del taller bajó de golpe.When the technician had perforated the piece, the tension in the workshop dropped all at once. |
| nosotros | hubimos perforado | Cuando hubimos perforado la roca en el punto justo, entendimos por fin por dónde sí había paso.When we had drilled the rock at the right point, we finally understood where there really was a passage. |
| vosotros | hubisteis perforado | hubisteis perforado demasiado antes de notar que el material no os estaba pidiendo fuerza sino lectura.You all had perforated too much before noticing that the material was not asking for force but for reading. |
| ellos | hubieron perforado | Los especialistas hubieron perforado la superficie cuando la pieza entera cambió de comportamiento.The specialists had perforated the surface when the whole piece changed its behavior. |
Future
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | perforaré | Mañana perforaré la pared una sola vez y procuraré no convertir un gesto técnico en una cadena de remiendos.Tomorrow I will drill the wall only once and I will try not to turn a technical gesture into a chain of patches. |
| tú | perforarás | perforarás el metal mejor cuando aceptes que la prisa no vuelve más precisa a ninguna mano.You will drill the metal better when you accept that haste does not make any hand more precise. |
| él | perforará | Ese técnico perforará la pieza en el lugar exacto si por fin dejan de cambiarle la medida cada minuto.That technician will perforate the piece in the exact place if they finally stop changing the measurement on him every minute. |
| nosotros | perforaremos | perforaremos la roca con menos violencia y veremos antes qué parte de ella cede de verdad.We will drill the rock with less violence and sooner see which part of it truly yields. |
| vosotros | perforaréis | perforaréis con más limpieza cuando dejéis de entrar a cada material como si todos fueran iguales.You all will drill more cleanly when you stop approaching every material as if they were all the same. |
| ellos | perforarán | Los técnicos perforarán la cubierta solo cuando tengan por fin el esquema completo delante.The technicians will perforate the casing only when they finally have the complete schematic in front of them. |
Future Perfect
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | habré perforado | Para entonces, yo habré perforado la pared en el punto correcto y el error anterior quedará por fin atrás.By then, I will have drilled the wall at the correct point and the earlier mistake will finally be behind me. |
| tú | habrás perforado | Para la noche, habrás perforado el metal con más paciencia y la pieza ya no se resistirá igual.By night, you will have drilled the metal with more patience and the piece will no longer resist in the same way. |
| él | habrá perforado | Para entonces, ese técnico habrá perforado la pieza exacta y todo el sistema encajará con menos esfuerzo.By then, that technician will have perforated the exact piece and the whole system will fit with less effort. |
| nosotros | habremos perforado | Para esa fecha, habremos perforado la roca durante días y recién entonces entenderemos el mapa real de su dureza.By that date, we will have drilled the rock for days and only then will we understand the real map of its hardness. |
| vosotros | habréis perforado | Para entonces, habréis perforado varias superficies distintas y ya no entraréis a todas con el mismo gesto bruto.By then, you all will have perforated several different surfaces and you will no longer approach all of them with the same blunt gesture. |
| ellos | habrán perforado | Los técnicos habrán perforado la cubierta correcta y el sistema dejará por fin de pelearse con ellos.The technicians will have perforated the correct casing and the system will finally stop fighting them. |
Conditional
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | perforaría | perforaría mejor la pared si aceptara que medir con calma sigue siendo más rápido que corregir después.I would drill the wall better if I accepted that measuring calmly is still faster than correcting later. |
| tú | perforarías | perforarías el metal con más limpieza si dejaras de pelearte con cada mínima resistencia.You would drill the metal more cleanly if you stopped fighting every minimal resistance. |
| él | perforaría | Ese técnico perforaría con más precisión si no trabajara siempre bajo tanta urgencia ajena.That technician would perforate more precisely if he did not always work under so much outside urgency. |
| nosotros | perforaríamos | perforaríamos la roca con menos desgaste si leyéramos mejor lo que ella misma ya está diciendo.We would drill the rock with less wear if we read better what it itself is already saying. |
| vosotros | perforaríais | perforaríais mejor cada superficie si no entrarais a todas como si la fuerza bastara sola.You all would drill each surface better if you did not approach them all as if force alone were enough. |
| ellos | perforarían | Los técnicos perforarían menos material inútil si el proceso premiara más la lectura que la velocidad ciega.The technicians would perforate less useless material if the process rewarded reading more than blind speed. |
Conditional Perfect
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | habría perforado | Yo habría perforado mejor la pared si hubiera confiado antes en la primera medición y no en el apuro final.I would have drilled the wall better if I had trusted earlier the first measurement and not the last-minute rush. |
| tú | habrías perforado | habrías perforado el metal con más limpieza si hubieras escuchado antes la vibración extraña de la herramienta.You would have drilled the metal more cleanly if you had listened earlier to the strange vibration of the tool. |
| él | habría perforado | Ese técnico habría perforado con más precisión si le hubieran dado un plano menos cambiante y menos ruido alrededor.That technician would have perforated more precisely if they had given him a less changing plan and less noise around him. |
| nosotros | habríamos perforado | habríamos perforado la roca con menos desgaste si hubiéramos aceptado antes que la paciencia también es técnica.We would have drilled the rock with less wear if we had accepted earlier that patience is also technique. |
| vosotros | habríais perforado | habríais perforado mejor la superficie si hubierais dejado antes de tratar materiales distintos como si fueran idénticos.You all would have perforated the surface better if you had stopped earlier treating different materials as if they were identical. |
| ellos | habrían perforado | Los técnicos habrían perforado menos piezas inútiles si hubieran leído antes el patrón real del error.The technicians would have perforated fewer useless pieces if they had read earlier the real pattern of the error. |
Present Subjunctive
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | perfore | Es importante que yo no perfore la pared sin haber medido otra vez con calma.It is important that I not drill the wall without having measured again calmly. |
| tú | perfores | Conviene que perfores el metal sin prisa, para que la herramienta no te obligue luego a corregir más.It is advisable that you drill the metal without hurry so that the tool does not later force you to correct more. |
| él | perfore | Es posible que ese técnico perfore la pieza mejor si por fin lo dejan trabajar sin interrupciones.It is possible that that technician perforates the piece better if they finally let him work without interruptions. |
| nosotros | perforemos | Es bueno que perforemos la roca con método y no como si cada golpe bastara por sí solo.It is good that we drill the rock methodically and not as if each strike were enough by itself. |
| vosotros | perforéis | Nadie quiere que perforéis la superficie hasta volver inútil lo que todavía podía salvarse.Nobody wants you all to perforate the surface until what still could be saved becomes useless. |
| ellos | perforen | Me preocupa que los técnicos perforen la cubierta sin contar todavía con la medida final.It worries me that the technicians perforate the casing without yet having the final measurement. |
Present Perfect Subjunctive
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | haya perforado | Espero no haya perforado ya la pared en un punto que luego me obligue a tapar y volver a empezar.I hope I have not already drilled the wall at a point that later forces me to cover it and start over. |
| tú | hayas perforado | Ojalá hayas perforado el metal con la precisión suficiente como para no arrastrar después un error pequeño y costoso.Hopefully you have drilled the metal with enough precision not to drag afterward a small and costly error. |
| él | haya perforado | Dudo que ese técnico haya perforado todavía la pieza exacta si el plano sigue cambiando cada rato.I doubt that that technician has yet perforated the exact piece if the plan keeps changing all the time. |
| nosotros | hayamos perforado | Espero que hayamos perforado la roca donde realmente había paso y no solo donde parecía más fácil insistir.I hope that we have drilled the rock where there truly was a passage and not only where it seemed easier to insist. |
| vosotros | hayáis perforado | Ojalá no hayáis perforado demasiado la superficie antes de entender qué os estaba pidiendo el material.Hopefully you all have not perforated the surface too much before understanding what the material was asking of you. |
| ellos | hayan perforado | Es posible que los técnicos hayan perforado ya la cubierta equivocada y por eso ahora todo parezca tan torcido.It is possible that the technicians have already perforated the wrong casing and that is why everything now seems so crooked. |
Imperfect Subjunctive
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | perforara | Si yo perforara la pared con más calma, cometería muchos menos errores visibles.If I drilled the wall more calmly, I would make far fewer visible mistakes. |
| tú | perforaras | Si perforaras el metal con más escucha, la herramienta trabajaría mucho más a tu favor.If you drilled the metal with more listening, the tool would work much more in your favor. |
| él | perforara | Si ese técnico perforara sin tanta presión encima, el resultado sería todavía más fino.If that technician perforated without so much pressure on him, the result would be even finer. |
| nosotros | perforáramos | Si perforáramos la roca con menos ansiedad, veríamos antes qué parte pedía insistencia y cuál no.If we drilled the rock with less anxiety, we would sooner see which part asked for persistence and which did not. |
| vosotros | perforarais | Si perforarais cada superficie con más criterio, dejaríais de corregir tanto al final.If you all perforated each surface with more judgment, you would stop correcting so much at the end. |
| ellos | perforaran | Si los técnicos perforaran solo con la velocidad justa, ahorrarían piezas, tiempo y bastante frustración.If the technicians perforated with only the right speed, they would save pieces, time, and quite a lot of frustration. |
Past Perfect Subjunctive
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | hubiera perforado | Si yo hubiera perforado la pared con más paciencia, no estaría ahora mirando ese error cada vez que paso delante.If I had drilled the wall more patiently, I would not now be looking at that mistake every time I walk past it. |
| tú | hubieras perforado | hubieras perforado el metal con más limpieza si hubieras atendido antes a la resistencia real del material.You would have drilled the metal more cleanly if you had paid earlier attention to the material's real resistance. |
| él | hubiera perforado | Ese técnico hubiera perforado mejor la pieza si lo hubieran dejado trabajar con un plano estable desde el inicio.That technician would have perforated the piece better if they had let him work with a stable plan from the start. |
| nosotros | hubiéramos perforado | hubiéramos perforado la roca con menos desgaste si hubiéramos entendido antes que insistir y leer no son enemigos.We would have drilled the rock with less wear if we had understood earlier that persisting and reading are not enemies. |
| vosotros | hubierais perforado | hubierais perforado mejor la superficie si hubierais dejado antes de imponer la misma fuerza a todos los materiales.You all would have perforated the surface better if you had earlier stopped imposing the same force on all materials. |
| ellos | hubieran perforado | Los técnicos hubieran perforado menos piezas inútiles si hubieran escuchado la primera desviación y no la cuarta.The technicians would have perforated fewer useless pieces if they had listened to the first deviation and not the fourth. |
Future Subjunctive
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | perforare | Si yo perforare mañana la pared en el punto exacto, cerraré por fin este pequeño frente sin más remiendos.If I drill the wall tomorrow at the exact point, I will finally close this small front without more patches. |
| tú | perforares | Cuando perforares el metal con más calma, notarás de inmediato cuánto mejor te sigue la herramienta.When you drill the metal more calmly, you will immediately notice how much better the tool follows you. |
| él | perforare | El técnico que perforare la pieza sin desviarse salvará medio proyecto con un solo gesto limpio.The technician who perforates the piece without deviating will save half the project with a single clean gesture. |
| nosotros | perforáremos | Si nosotros perforáremos la roca donde realmente cede, dejaremos de gastar energía contra su parte más muda.If we drill the rock where it truly yields, we will stop wasting energy against its most mute part. |
| vosotros | perforareis | Si vosotros perforareis con más lectura cada superficie, el trabajo empezará a responderos de otro modo.If you all perforate each surface with more reading, the work will begin responding to you in another way. |
| ellos | perforaren | Los técnicos que perforaren la cubierta correcta evitarán una cadena entera de errores posteriores.The technicians who perforate the correct casing will avoid a whole chain of later errors. |
Future Perfect Subjunctive
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | hubiere perforado | Cuando yo hubiere perforado ya la pared y el soporte siga torcido, sabré que el problema venía de otra medida anterior.When I have already drilled the wall and the bracket is still crooked, I will know that the problem came from another earlier measurement. |
| tú | hubieres perforado | Cuando hubieres perforado el metal y aún vibre mal, entenderás que la resistencia no estaba solo en la pieza.When you have drilled the metal and it still vibrates badly, you will understand that the resistance was not only in the piece. |
| él | hubiere perforado | Cuando ese técnico hubiere perforado ya la pieza correcta y el sistema siga fallando, quedará claro que el error estaba más abajo.When that technician has already perforated the correct piece and the system still fails, it will be clear that the error was deeper down. |
| nosotros | hubiéremos perforado | Cuando hubiéremos perforado la roca durante días y la veta siga oculta, entenderemos que el mapa inicial estaba mal leído.When we have drilled the rock for days and the vein remains hidden, we will understand that the initial map was badly read. |
| vosotros | hubiereis perforado | Cuando hubiereis perforado varias superficies y el resultado siga torpe, veréis que el problema no era solo de mano sino de método.When you all have perforated several surfaces and the result still remains clumsy, you will see that the problem was not only in the hand but in the method. |
| ellos | hubieren perforado | Cuando los técnicos hubieren perforado ya la cubierta y todo siga sin encajar, tocará revisar el diseño entero desde la raíz.When the technicians have already perforated the casing and everything still does not fit, it will be time to review the whole design from the root. |
Affirmative Imperative
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | - | - |
| tú | perfora | perfora la pared con calma y mide otra vez antes de convertir un segundo en un error de años.Drill the wall calmly and measure again before turning one second into an error of years. |
| él | perfore | perfore la pieza si quiere, pero que no lo haga como si la fuerza corrigiera la mala lectura.Let him perforate the piece if he wants, but let him not do it as if force corrected poor reading. |
| nosotros | perforemos | perforemos la roca con método y dejemos de pelear contra ella como si fuera un enemigo personal.Let us drill the rock methodically and stop fighting it as if it were a personal enemy. |
| vosotros | perforad | perforad con más lectura y menos prisa, y comprobad cuánto cambia el material cuando lo tratáis mejor.Perforate with more reading and less hurry, and see how much the material changes when you treat it better. |
| ellos | perforen | perforen la cubierta correcta y que nadie vuelva a improvisar medidas sobre la marcha.Let them perforate the correct casing and let nobody improvise measurements on the fly again. |
Negative Imperative
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | - | - |
| tú | no perfores | No no perfores la pared sin medir otra vez; el apuro no corrige nada después.Do not drill the wall without measuring again; haste corrects nothing afterward. |
| él | no perfore | No no perfore la pieza como si todos los materiales obedecieran del mismo modo.Do not let him perforate the piece as if all materials obeyed in the same way. |
| nosotros | no perforemos | No no perforemos la roca por pura fuerza; escuchemos antes dónde sí está cediendo.Let us not drill the rock through pure force; let us first listen to where it really is yielding. |
| vosotros | no perforéis | No no perforéis demasiado deprisa una superficie que todavía no habéis leído del todo.Do not perforate too quickly a surface that you still have not fully read. |
| ellos | no perforen | No no perforen la cubierta equivocada si luego queréis seguir llamando precisión a este trabajo.Do not let them perforate the wrong casing if later you want to keep calling this work precise. |
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Yo ___ la pared con más cuidado del que parece, porque un agujero mal hecho deja ruido durante años.
I drill the wall with more care than it seems, because a badly made hole leaves noise for years.
Use Presente for facts, habits, current states, and regular actions.
Formation
Pattern
Examples
Presente is the base system. Master the endings first, then handle irregular yo forms and stem changes.
Concepts that come up every time you conjugate perforar. Each is a short, focused guide.
Short, direct answers to what learners search most about perforar.
Continue with verbs that share the same ending and difficulty band.