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Spanish verb conjugation

Deber conjugation

deber is a regular Spanish -ER verb meaning must / should / owe. In the present tense: yo debo, tú debes, él/ella debe, nosotros debemos, vosotros debéis, ellos deben. Full conjugation across 18 tenses below.

Rank #15-ERRegular18 tense tables
At a glance
Infinitive
deber
Gerundio
debiendo
Meaning
must / should / owe
Pattern
Regular
Difficulty
Level 1
Practice this verb
Conjugation tables

Deber across the MuyVerbs tense system

Non-finite forms

Infinitivo and Gerundio

Study present continuous
FormSpanishUse
InfinitivodeberDictionary form and base form for many compound structures.
GerundiodebiendoUsed with estar for progressive forms, for example estar debiendo.

Presente

Present

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yodebo
Yo debo terminar este informe hoy.I must finish this report today.
debes
Tú debes estudiar más para el examen.You must study more for the exam.
éldebe
Él debe llamar a su madre.He must call his mother.
nosotrosdebemos
Nosotros debemos salir temprano mañana.We must leave early tomorrow.
vosotrosdebéis
Vosotros debéis escuchar con atención.You must listen carefully.
ellosdeben
Ellos deben cambiar de actitud.They must change their attitude.

Pretérito Perfecto

Present Perfect

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yohe debido
Yo he debido trabajar mucho esta semana.I have had to work a lot this week.
has debido
Tú has debido salir antes hoy.You have had to leave earlier today.
élha debido
Él ha debido responder muchas preguntas.He has had to answer many questions.
nosotroshemos debido
Nosotros hemos debido esperar bastante.We have had to wait quite a lot.
vosotroshabéis debido
Vosotros habéis debido cambiar el plan.You have had to change the plan.
elloshan debido
Ellos han debido estudiar toda la noche.They have had to study all night.

Pretérito Indefinido

Preterite

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yodebí
Ayer yo debí volver pronto.Yesterday I had to come back early.
debiste
Tú debiste pedir ayuda al final.You had to ask for help in the end.
éldebió
Él debió salir sin despedirse.He had to leave without saying goodbye.
nosotrosdebimos
Nosotros debimos cambiar de sala.We had to change rooms.
vosotrosdebisteis
Vosotros debisteis esperar una hora.You had to wait an hour.
ellosdebieron
Ellos debieron cancelar el viaje.They had to cancel the trip.

Pretérito Imperfecto

Imperfect

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yodebía
Antes yo debía trabajar los sábados.Before, I had to work on Saturdays.
debías
Tú debías levantarte muy temprano.You had to get up very early.
éldebía
Él debía estudiar por la noche.He had to study at night.
nosotrosdebíamos
Nosotros debíamos caminar mucho antes.We had to walk a lot before.
vosotrosdebíais
Vosotros debíais compartir el coche.You had to share the car.
ellosdebían
Ellos debían seguir las reglas.They had to follow the rules.

Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto

Past Perfect

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yohabía debido
Yo había debido salir antes de llamarte.I had had to leave before calling you.
habías debido
Tú habías debido esperar demasiado.You had had to wait too long.
élhabía debido
Él había debido cambiar de idea.He had had to change his mind.
nosotroshabíamos debido
Nosotros habíamos debido trabajar sin descanso.We had had to work without rest.
vosotroshabíais debido
Vosotros habíais debido llegar a tiempo.You had had to arrive on time.
elloshabían debido
Ellos habían debido pedir otra oportunidad.They had had to ask for another opportunity.

Pretérito Anterior

Preterite Anterior

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yohube debido
Cuando yo hube debido salir, empezó a llover.When I had had to leave, it started to rain.
hubiste debido
En cuanto tú hubiste debido decidir, lo hiciste.As soon as you had had to decide, you did it.
élhubo debido
Después de que él hubo debido esperar, se marchó.After he had had to wait, he left.
nosotroshubimos debido
Apenas nosotros hubimos debido cambiar de sala, entró el profesor.As soon as we had had to change rooms, the teacher came in.
vosotroshubisteis debido
Una vez que vosotros hubisteis debido hablar, se hizo silencio.Once you had had to speak, there was silence.
elloshubieron debido
Cuando ellos hubieron debido trabajar más, protestaron.When they had had to work more, they complained.

Futuro

Future

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yodeberé
Mañana yo deberé madrugar otra vez.Tomorrow I will have to get up early again.
deberás
Tú deberás decidir pronto.You will have to decide soon.
éldeberá
Él deberá cambiar de tren.He will have to change trains.
nosotrosdeberemos
Nosotros deberemos empezar sin ellos.We will have to start without them.
vosotrosdeberéis
Vosotros deberéis esperar un poco más.You will have to wait a little longer.
ellosdeberán
Ellos deberán venir mañana.They will have to come tomorrow.

Futuro Perfecto

Future Perfect

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yohabré debido
Para entonces yo habré debido terminarlo todo.By then I will have had to finish everything.
habrás debido
Tú habrás debido cambiar de idea.You will have had to change your mind.
élhabrá debido
Él habrá debido hablar con todos.He will have had to speak with everyone.
nosotroshabremos debido
Nosotros habremos debido trabajar más horas.We will have had to work more hours.
vosotroshabréis debido
Vosotros habréis debido volver antes.You will have had to come back earlier.
elloshabrán debido
Ellos habrán debido decidir solos.They will have had to decide alone.

Condicional

Conditional

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yodebería
Yo debería pensarlo mejor.I should think it over better.
deberías
Tú deberías hablar con él.You should speak with him.
éldebería
Él debería llegar antes.He should arrive earlier.
nosotrosdeberíamos
Nosotros deberíamos esperar un poco.We should wait a little.
vosotrosdeberíais
Vosotros deberíais leer todo primero.You should read everything first.
ellosdeberían
Ellos deberían cambiar de plan.They should change plans.

Condicional Perfecto

Conditional Perfect

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yohabría debido
Yo habría debido avisarte antes.I should have warned you earlier.
habrías debido
Tú habrías debido escuchar mejor.You should have listened better.
élhabría debido
Él habría debido llegar a tiempo.He should have arrived on time.
nosotroshabríamos debido
Nosotros habríamos debido esperar más.We should have waited longer.
vosotroshabríais debido
Vosotros habríais debido preguntar primero.You should have asked first.
elloshabrían debido
Ellos habrían debido cambiar esa parte.They should have changed that part.

Subjuntivo Presente

Present Subjunctive

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yodeba
Espero que yo no deba salir tan pronto.I hope that I do not have to leave so soon.
debas
Quiero que tú no debas esperar mucho.I want you not to have to wait long.
éldeba
Es importante que él deba decidir hoy.It is important that he must decide today.
nosotrosdebamos
Deseo que nosotros no debamos cambiar el plan.I wish that we do not have to change the plan.
vosotrosdebáis
Es mejor que vosotros debáis leerlo todo.It is better that you must read it all.
ellosdeban
Temo que ellos deban volver mañana.I fear that they have to come back tomorrow.

Subjuntivo Pretérito Perfecto

Present Perfect Subjunctive

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yohaya debido
Dudo que yo haya debido explicar tanto.I doubt that I have had to explain so much.
hayas debido
No creo que tú hayas debido esperar tanto.I do not think that you have had to wait so long.
élhaya debido
Es posible que él haya debido cambiar de tren.It is possible that he has had to change trains.
nosotroshayamos debido
Es probable que nosotros hayamos debido salir antes.It is likely that we have had to leave earlier.
vosotroshayáis debido
No parece que vosotros hayáis debido decidir solos.It does not seem that you have had to decide alone.
elloshayan debido
Puede que ellos hayan debido trabajar más.It may be that they have had to work more.

Subjuntivo Pretérito Imperfecto

Imperfect Subjunctive

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yodebiera
Si yo debiera ir, te avisaría.If I had to go, I would let you know.
debieras
Si tú debieras esperar, te enfadarías.If you had to wait, you would get angry.
éldebiera
Si él debiera elegir, tardaría mucho.If he had to choose, he would take a long time.
nosotrosdebiéramos
Si nosotros debiéramos cambiar el plan, lo hablaríamos.If we had to change the plan, we would talk about it.
vosotrosdebierais
Si vosotros debierais volver hoy, os quedaríais sin tiempo.If you had to return today, you would run out of time.
ellosdebieran
Si ellos debieran salir ahora, correrían.If they had to leave now, they would run.

Subjuntivo Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto

Past Perfect Subjunctive

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yohubiera debido
Si yo hubiera debido ir, te habría escrito.If I had had to go, I would have written to you.
hubieras debido
Si tú hubieras debido esperar más, te habrías ido.If you had had to wait longer, you would have left.
élhubiera debido
Si él hubiera debido decidir solo, habría dudado.If he had had to decide alone, he would have hesitated.
nosotroshubiéramos debido
Si nosotros hubiéramos debido cambiar de sala, habríamos avisado.If we had had to change rooms, we would have let you know.
vosotroshubierais debido
Si vosotros hubierais debido volver antes, no habríais cenado fuera.If you had had to come back earlier, you would not have had dinner out.
elloshubieran debido
Si ellos hubieran debido trabajar ayer, hoy descansarían.If they had had to work yesterday, today they would rest.

Subjuntivo Futuro

Future Subjunctive

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yodebiere
Si algún día yo debiere volver, te avisaré.If someday I should have to come back, I will let you know.
debieres
Si tú debieres decidir mañana, piénsalo bien.If you should have to decide tomorrow, think it over carefully.
éldebiere
Si él debiere hablar, lo escucharemos.If he should have to speak, we will listen to him.
nosotrosdebiéremos
Si nosotros debiéremos esperar, traeremos café.If we should have to wait, we will bring coffee.
vosotrosdebiereis
Si vosotros debiereis salir antes, avisadnos.If you should have to leave earlier, let us know.
ellosdebieren
Si ellos debieren cambiar de plan, lo entenderemos.If they should have to change plans, we will understand it.

Subjuntivo Futuro Perfecto

Future Perfect Subjunctive

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yohubiere debido
Cuando yo hubiere debido decidir, te lo diré.When I shall have had to decide, I will tell you.
hubieres debido
Cuando tú hubieres debido esperar tanto, lo recordarás.When you shall have had to wait so long, you will remember it.
élhubiere debido
Cuando él hubiere debido cambiar de tren, llegará tarde.When he shall have had to change trains, he will arrive late.
nosotroshubiéremos debido
Cuando nosotros hubiéremos debido salir antes, te llamaremos.When we shall have had to leave earlier, we will call you.
vosotroshubiereis debido
Cuando vosotros hubiereis debido elegir, sabréis qué hacer.When you shall have had to choose, you will know what to do.
elloshubieren debido
Cuando ellos hubieren debido volver, estarán cansados.When they shall have had to come back, they will be tired.

Imperativo Afirmativo

Affirmative Imperative

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yo-
debe
Tú, debe pensar mejor esto.You, should think this over better.
éldeba
Que él deba esperar un momento.Let him have to wait a moment.
nosotrosdebamos
debamos actuar con calma.Let us have to act calmly.
vosotrosdebed
Vosotros, debed leerlo entero.You, should read it all.
ellosdeban
Que ellos deban decidir hoy.Let them have to decide today.

Imperativo Negativo

Negative Imperative

Study tense
PronounFormContext
yo-
no debas
No no debas hacerlo solo.Do not have to do it alone.
élno deba
Que él no no deba esperar más.Let him not have to wait any longer.
nosotrosno debamos
No no debamos cambiar el plan otra vez.Let us not have to change the plan again.
vosotrosno debáis
No no debáis volver tan pronto.Do not have to come back so soon.
ellosno deban
Que ellos no no deban trabajar mañana.Let them not have to work tomorrow.
Free web drill

Practice deber

1 / 1

Presenteyo

Yo ___ terminar este informe hoy.

I must finish this report today.

Need grammar help?How to form Presente

Use Presente for facts, habits, current states, and regular actions.

Formation

  1. 1Remove the infinitive ending: -ar, -er, or -ir.
  2. 2Add the present endings for the subject.
  3. 3Watch high-frequency irregulars like ser, estar, ir, tener, hacer, and decir.

Pattern

-ar: o, as, a, amos, áis, an-er: o, es, e, emos, éis, en-ir: o, es, e, imos, ís, en

Examples

hablar -> yo hablocomer -> él comevivir -> vosotros vivís

Presente is the base system. Master the endings first, then handle irregular yo forms and stem changes.

Grammar to master with deber

Related Spanish grammar topics

Concepts that come up every time you conjugate deber. Each is a short, focused guide.

Common questions

Deber conjugation — frequently asked

Short, direct answers to what learners search most about deber.

What does 'deber' mean in English?
In Spanish, 'deber' means to must / should / owe. It is a regular -ER verb used across all 18 standard Spanish tenses.
Is deber an irregular verb in Spanish?
Deber is a regular -ER verb. Its endings follow the standard pattern in every tense without stem or root changes.
How do you conjugate deber in the present tense?
Present tense (Presente) of deber: yo debo, tú debes, él/ella/usted debe, nosotros debemos, vosotros debéis, ellos/ellas/ustedes deben.
How do you conjugate deber in the preterite?
Preterite (Pretérito Indefinido) of deber: yo debí, tú debiste, él/ella/usted debió, nosotros debimos, vosotros debisteis, ellos/ellas/ustedes debieron. This tense expresses completed past actions at a defined point in time.
What is the imperfect tense of deber?
Imperfect (Pretérito Imperfecto) of deber: yo debía, tú debías, él/ella/usted debía, nosotros debíamos, vosotros debíais, ellos/ellas/ustedes debían. The imperfect describes past habits, ongoing actions, and background states.
What is the past participle of deber?
The past participle of deber is 'debido'. It is used to form compound tenses with the auxiliary verb haber — for example, 'he debido' (I have must / should / oweed), 'has debido', 'ha debido'.
What is the gerundio (present participle) of deber?
The gerundio of deber is 'debiendo'. It pairs with estar to form the present continuous (estoy debiendo) and other progressive tenses, indicating an action in progress.

Related verbs

Continue with verbs that share the same ending and difficulty band.