Non-finite forms
Infinitivo and Gerundio
| Form | Spanish | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Infinitivo | deber | Dictionary form and base form for many compound structures. |
| Gerundio | debiendo | Used with estar for progressive forms, for example estar debiendo. |
deber is a regular Spanish -ER verb meaning must / should / owe. In the present tense: yo debo, tú debes, él/ella debe, nosotros debemos, vosotros debéis, ellos deben. Full conjugation across 18 tenses below.
Infinitivo and Gerundio
| Form | Spanish | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Infinitivo | deber | Dictionary form and base form for many compound structures. |
| Gerundio | debiendo | Used with estar for progressive forms, for example estar debiendo. |
Present
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | debo | Yo debo terminar este informe hoy.I must finish this report today. |
| tú | debes | Tú debes estudiar más para el examen.You must study more for the exam. |
| él | debe | Él debe llamar a su madre.He must call his mother. |
| nosotros | debemos | Nosotros debemos salir temprano mañana.We must leave early tomorrow. |
| vosotros | debéis | Vosotros debéis escuchar con atención.You must listen carefully. |
| ellos | deben | Ellos deben cambiar de actitud.They must change their attitude. |
Present Perfect
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | he debido | Yo he debido trabajar mucho esta semana.I have had to work a lot this week. |
| tú | has debido | Tú has debido salir antes hoy.You have had to leave earlier today. |
| él | ha debido | Él ha debido responder muchas preguntas.He has had to answer many questions. |
| nosotros | hemos debido | Nosotros hemos debido esperar bastante.We have had to wait quite a lot. |
| vosotros | habéis debido | Vosotros habéis debido cambiar el plan.You have had to change the plan. |
| ellos | han debido | Ellos han debido estudiar toda la noche.They have had to study all night. |
Preterite
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | debí | Ayer yo debí volver pronto.Yesterday I had to come back early. |
| tú | debiste | Tú debiste pedir ayuda al final.You had to ask for help in the end. |
| él | debió | Él debió salir sin despedirse.He had to leave without saying goodbye. |
| nosotros | debimos | Nosotros debimos cambiar de sala.We had to change rooms. |
| vosotros | debisteis | Vosotros debisteis esperar una hora.You had to wait an hour. |
| ellos | debieron | Ellos debieron cancelar el viaje.They had to cancel the trip. |
Imperfect
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | debía | Antes yo debía trabajar los sábados.Before, I had to work on Saturdays. |
| tú | debías | Tú debías levantarte muy temprano.You had to get up very early. |
| él | debía | Él debía estudiar por la noche.He had to study at night. |
| nosotros | debíamos | Nosotros debíamos caminar mucho antes.We had to walk a lot before. |
| vosotros | debíais | Vosotros debíais compartir el coche.You had to share the car. |
| ellos | debían | Ellos debían seguir las reglas.They had to follow the rules. |
Past Perfect
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | había debido | Yo había debido salir antes de llamarte.I had had to leave before calling you. |
| tú | habías debido | Tú habías debido esperar demasiado.You had had to wait too long. |
| él | había debido | Él había debido cambiar de idea.He had had to change his mind. |
| nosotros | habíamos debido | Nosotros habíamos debido trabajar sin descanso.We had had to work without rest. |
| vosotros | habíais debido | Vosotros habíais debido llegar a tiempo.You had had to arrive on time. |
| ellos | habían debido | Ellos habían debido pedir otra oportunidad.They had had to ask for another opportunity. |
Preterite Anterior
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | hube debido | Cuando yo hube debido salir, empezó a llover.When I had had to leave, it started to rain. |
| tú | hubiste debido | En cuanto tú hubiste debido decidir, lo hiciste.As soon as you had had to decide, you did it. |
| él | hubo debido | Después de que él hubo debido esperar, se marchó.After he had had to wait, he left. |
| nosotros | hubimos debido | Apenas nosotros hubimos debido cambiar de sala, entró el profesor.As soon as we had had to change rooms, the teacher came in. |
| vosotros | hubisteis debido | Una vez que vosotros hubisteis debido hablar, se hizo silencio.Once you had had to speak, there was silence. |
| ellos | hubieron debido | Cuando ellos hubieron debido trabajar más, protestaron.When they had had to work more, they complained. |
Future
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | deberé | Mañana yo deberé madrugar otra vez.Tomorrow I will have to get up early again. |
| tú | deberás | Tú deberás decidir pronto.You will have to decide soon. |
| él | deberá | Él deberá cambiar de tren.He will have to change trains. |
| nosotros | deberemos | Nosotros deberemos empezar sin ellos.We will have to start without them. |
| vosotros | deberéis | Vosotros deberéis esperar un poco más.You will have to wait a little longer. |
| ellos | deberán | Ellos deberán venir mañana.They will have to come tomorrow. |
Future Perfect
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | habré debido | Para entonces yo habré debido terminarlo todo.By then I will have had to finish everything. |
| tú | habrás debido | Tú habrás debido cambiar de idea.You will have had to change your mind. |
| él | habrá debido | Él habrá debido hablar con todos.He will have had to speak with everyone. |
| nosotros | habremos debido | Nosotros habremos debido trabajar más horas.We will have had to work more hours. |
| vosotros | habréis debido | Vosotros habréis debido volver antes.You will have had to come back earlier. |
| ellos | habrán debido | Ellos habrán debido decidir solos.They will have had to decide alone. |
Conditional
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | debería | Yo debería pensarlo mejor.I should think it over better. |
| tú | deberías | Tú deberías hablar con él.You should speak with him. |
| él | debería | Él debería llegar antes.He should arrive earlier. |
| nosotros | deberíamos | Nosotros deberíamos esperar un poco.We should wait a little. |
| vosotros | deberíais | Vosotros deberíais leer todo primero.You should read everything first. |
| ellos | deberían | Ellos deberían cambiar de plan.They should change plans. |
Conditional Perfect
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | habría debido | Yo habría debido avisarte antes.I should have warned you earlier. |
| tú | habrías debido | Tú habrías debido escuchar mejor.You should have listened better. |
| él | habría debido | Él habría debido llegar a tiempo.He should have arrived on time. |
| nosotros | habríamos debido | Nosotros habríamos debido esperar más.We should have waited longer. |
| vosotros | habríais debido | Vosotros habríais debido preguntar primero.You should have asked first. |
| ellos | habrían debido | Ellos habrían debido cambiar esa parte.They should have changed that part. |
Present Subjunctive
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | deba | Espero que yo no deba salir tan pronto.I hope that I do not have to leave so soon. |
| tú | debas | Quiero que tú no debas esperar mucho.I want you not to have to wait long. |
| él | deba | Es importante que él deba decidir hoy.It is important that he must decide today. |
| nosotros | debamos | Deseo que nosotros no debamos cambiar el plan.I wish that we do not have to change the plan. |
| vosotros | debáis | Es mejor que vosotros debáis leerlo todo.It is better that you must read it all. |
| ellos | deban | Temo que ellos deban volver mañana.I fear that they have to come back tomorrow. |
Present Perfect Subjunctive
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | haya debido | Dudo que yo haya debido explicar tanto.I doubt that I have had to explain so much. |
| tú | hayas debido | No creo que tú hayas debido esperar tanto.I do not think that you have had to wait so long. |
| él | haya debido | Es posible que él haya debido cambiar de tren.It is possible that he has had to change trains. |
| nosotros | hayamos debido | Es probable que nosotros hayamos debido salir antes.It is likely that we have had to leave earlier. |
| vosotros | hayáis debido | No parece que vosotros hayáis debido decidir solos.It does not seem that you have had to decide alone. |
| ellos | hayan debido | Puede que ellos hayan debido trabajar más.It may be that they have had to work more. |
Imperfect Subjunctive
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | debiera | Si yo debiera ir, te avisaría.If I had to go, I would let you know. |
| tú | debieras | Si tú debieras esperar, te enfadarías.If you had to wait, you would get angry. |
| él | debiera | Si él debiera elegir, tardaría mucho.If he had to choose, he would take a long time. |
| nosotros | debiéramos | Si nosotros debiéramos cambiar el plan, lo hablaríamos.If we had to change the plan, we would talk about it. |
| vosotros | debierais | Si vosotros debierais volver hoy, os quedaríais sin tiempo.If you had to return today, you would run out of time. |
| ellos | debieran | Si ellos debieran salir ahora, correrían.If they had to leave now, they would run. |
Past Perfect Subjunctive
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | hubiera debido | Si yo hubiera debido ir, te habría escrito.If I had had to go, I would have written to you. |
| tú | hubieras debido | Si tú hubieras debido esperar más, te habrías ido.If you had had to wait longer, you would have left. |
| él | hubiera debido | Si él hubiera debido decidir solo, habría dudado.If he had had to decide alone, he would have hesitated. |
| nosotros | hubiéramos debido | Si nosotros hubiéramos debido cambiar de sala, habríamos avisado.If we had had to change rooms, we would have let you know. |
| vosotros | hubierais debido | Si vosotros hubierais debido volver antes, no habríais cenado fuera.If you had had to come back earlier, you would not have had dinner out. |
| ellos | hubieran debido | Si ellos hubieran debido trabajar ayer, hoy descansarían.If they had had to work yesterday, today they would rest. |
Future Subjunctive
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | debiere | Si algún día yo debiere volver, te avisaré.If someday I should have to come back, I will let you know. |
| tú | debieres | Si tú debieres decidir mañana, piénsalo bien.If you should have to decide tomorrow, think it over carefully. |
| él | debiere | Si él debiere hablar, lo escucharemos.If he should have to speak, we will listen to him. |
| nosotros | debiéremos | Si nosotros debiéremos esperar, traeremos café.If we should have to wait, we will bring coffee. |
| vosotros | debiereis | Si vosotros debiereis salir antes, avisadnos.If you should have to leave earlier, let us know. |
| ellos | debieren | Si ellos debieren cambiar de plan, lo entenderemos.If they should have to change plans, we will understand it. |
Future Perfect Subjunctive
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | hubiere debido | Cuando yo hubiere debido decidir, te lo diré.When I shall have had to decide, I will tell you. |
| tú | hubieres debido | Cuando tú hubieres debido esperar tanto, lo recordarás.When you shall have had to wait so long, you will remember it. |
| él | hubiere debido | Cuando él hubiere debido cambiar de tren, llegará tarde.When he shall have had to change trains, he will arrive late. |
| nosotros | hubiéremos debido | Cuando nosotros hubiéremos debido salir antes, te llamaremos.When we shall have had to leave earlier, we will call you. |
| vosotros | hubiereis debido | Cuando vosotros hubiereis debido elegir, sabréis qué hacer.When you shall have had to choose, you will know what to do. |
| ellos | hubieren debido | Cuando ellos hubieren debido volver, estarán cansados.When they shall have had to come back, they will be tired. |
Affirmative Imperative
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | - | — |
| tú | debe | Tú, debe pensar mejor esto.You, should think this over better. |
| él | deba | Que él deba esperar un momento.Let him have to wait a moment. |
| nosotros | debamos | debamos actuar con calma.Let us have to act calmly. |
| vosotros | debed | Vosotros, debed leerlo entero.You, should read it all. |
| ellos | deban | Que ellos deban decidir hoy.Let them have to decide today. |
Negative Imperative
| Pronoun | Form | Context |
|---|---|---|
| yo | - | — |
| tú | no debas | No no debas hacerlo solo.Do not have to do it alone. |
| él | no deba | Que él no no deba esperar más.Let him not have to wait any longer. |
| nosotros | no debamos | No no debamos cambiar el plan otra vez.Let us not have to change the plan again. |
| vosotros | no debáis | No no debáis volver tan pronto.Do not have to come back so soon. |
| ellos | no deban | Que ellos no no deban trabajar mañana.Let them not have to work tomorrow. |
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Yo ___ terminar este informe hoy.
I must finish this report today.
Use Presente for facts, habits, current states, and regular actions.
Formation
Pattern
Examples
Presente is the base system. Master the endings first, then handle irregular yo forms and stem changes.
Concepts that come up every time you conjugate deber. Each is a short, focused guide.
Short, direct answers to what learners search most about deber.
Continue with verbs that share the same ending and difficulty band.